University of Isfahan Journal of Microbial Biology 3060-7647 3 11 2014 10 23 Priliminary Pages ( 3 rd.Year No.11) Priliminary Pages ( 3 rd.Year No.11) 0 19541 FA Journal Article 2016 06 14 https://bjm.ui.ac.ir/article_19541_de8342449204de958dc38929d13e66ac.pdf

University of Isfahan Journal of Microbial Biology 3060-7647 3 11 2014 10 23 Investigation and Partial Purification of Tellurite Reducing Enzyme from a Moderately Halophilic Bacterium Salinicoccus iranensis Investigation and Partial Purification of Tellurite Reducing Enzyme from a Moderately Halophilic Bacterium Salinicoccus iranensis 1 20 19535 FA Sana Alavi M.Sc. of Microbiology, Extremophiles Laboratory, University of Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ali Amoozegar Associate Professor of Microbiology, University of Tehran, Iran Khosro Khajeh Professor of Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2016 06 14 Introduction: Excessive use of tellurite nowadays, has suffered the environment from the toxic effects of the oxyanion. Hence, biological treatment of polluted areas is considered as an environmentally friendly and inexpensive method. Although the toxic effects of tellurite for most microorganisms have been reported, but several species of the bacteria including the halophilic bacteria used in this project can overcome the toxicity of the oxyanion by its reduction to the elemental form. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism (s) involved in tellurite detoxification. Materials and methods: In order to enhance and maintain enzymatic activity during purification, the test conditions and enzyme production by the strain were optimized. The optimization was done by One Factor at A Time (OFAT) method. Several factors, including: time, various percentages of inoculum, range of pH, concentration of tellurite and various salts effects were optimized. For assurance tellurite removal was examined during the experiment. The enzyme was purified by various methods, including ammonium sulphate precipitation and hydrophobic interaction column chromatography in which the Concentration of 1.4 M saturated ammonium sulphate was applied. The purity of the enzyme was assessed by SDS-PAGE during each phase. Results: The optimum conditions obtained showed that at 30 hours, 3% inoculum, pH 7.5, without tellurite and with 5% NaCl the highest enzyme activity and tellurite removal are observed. Purification of the enzyme greatly reduced the concentration of unrelated proteins and caused a concentrated band which could be one subunit of the enzyme targeted. The partially purified enzyme’s fraction was shown to have nitrate and selenite reductase activity other than tellurite reductase activity. Discussion and conclusion: This study is an approach to the identification of the halophilic microorganisms Physiology and enzymes involved in restoring tellurite. The production of the enzyme responsible for this phenomenon has been optimized and partially purified. Introduction: Excessive use of tellurite nowadays, has suffered the environment from the toxic effects of the oxyanion. Hence, biological treatment of polluted areas is considered as an environmentally friendly and inexpensive method. Although the toxic effects of tellurite for most microorganisms have been reported, but several species of the bacteria including the halophilic bacteria used in this project can overcome the toxicity of the oxyanion by its reduction to the elemental form. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism (s) involved in tellurite detoxification. Materials and methods: In order to enhance and maintain enzymatic activity during purification, the test conditions and enzyme production by the strain were optimized. The optimization was done by One Factor at A Time (OFAT) method. Several factors, including: time, various percentages of inoculum, range of pH, concentration of tellurite and various salts effects were optimized. For assurance tellurite removal was examined during the experiment. The enzyme was purified by various methods, including ammonium sulphate precipitation and hydrophobic interaction column chromatography in which the Concentration of 1.4 M saturated ammonium sulphate was applied. The purity of the enzyme was assessed by SDS-PAGE during each phase. Results: The optimum conditions obtained showed that at 30 hours, 3% inoculum, pH 7.5, without tellurite and with 5% NaCl the highest enzyme activity and tellurite removal are observed. Purification of the enzyme greatly reduced the concentration of unrelated proteins and caused a concentrated band which could be one subunit of the enzyme targeted. The partially purified enzyme’s fraction was shown to have nitrate and selenite reductase activity other than tellurite reductase activity. Discussion and conclusion: This study is an approach to the identification of the halophilic microorganisms Physiology and enzymes involved in restoring tellurite. The production of the enzyme responsible for this phenomenon has been optimized and partially purified.

https://bjm.ui.ac.ir/article_19535_69454dee6fee072703deb863f788ee7a.pdf

University of Isfahan Journal of Microbial Biology 3060-7647 3 11 2014 10 23 Over production of xylanase from Bacillus mojavensis by classical mutagenesis Over production of xylanase from Bacillus mojavensis by classical mutagenesis 21 36 19531 FA Shokoofeh Ghazi Ph.D student of Microbiology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mehrdad Azin Associated Professor of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran Abbas Akhavan Sepahi Associated professor of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2016 06 14 Introduction: Over production of xylanase, enzyme from microbial resources was always considered by researchers. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of inductive mutagenesis, classical type, on enhanced xylanase production from Bacillus mojavensis in order to access to potent mutants with high capacity of production. Materials and methods: Bacillus mojavenis PTCC20 1723, by proving its potentiality to produce xylanase, was used as a wild strain for over production of the enzyme by classical mutagenesis. After using mutagens such as UV and nitrous acid, screening of different mutants was accomplished. Initial screening was based on the enhanced H/C21 ratios of the colonies in comparison with that of the wild strain on xylan containing agar medium. Results: Among numerous screened colonies, seventy two mutants with H/C ratio bigger than the parental strain, (H/C≥1.6), were isolated. At the next step, enzyme production of mutants was compared with that of the parental strain in liquid cultures. Overall, among 67 screened mutants, 2 mutants, which produced 319.58 and 330.56 IU/mL xylanase, were selected. These mutants produced 3.3 & 3.45 times more enzyme than the native strain, with preliminary production level of 95.73 IU/mL. Discussion and conclusion: These mutants, as superior ones & resulted from the classical mutagenesis, were selected as the best strains. Introduction: Over production of xylanase, enzyme from microbial resources was always considered by researchers. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of inductive mutagenesis, classical type, on enhanced xylanase production from Bacillus mojavensis in order to access to potent mutants with high capacity of production. Materials and methods: Bacillus mojavenis PTCC20 1723, by proving its potentiality to produce xylanase, was used as a wild strain for over production of the enzyme by classical mutagenesis. After using mutagens such as UV and nitrous acid, screening of different mutants was accomplished. Initial screening was based on the enhanced H/C21 ratios of the colonies in comparison with that of the wild strain on xylan containing agar medium. Results: Among numerous screened colonies, seventy two mutants with H/C ratio bigger than the parental strain, (H/C≥1.6), were isolated. At the next step, enzyme production of mutants was compared with that of the parental strain in liquid cultures. Overall, among 67 screened mutants, 2 mutants, which produced 319.58 and 330.56 IU/mL xylanase, were selected. These mutants produced 3.3 & 3.45 times more enzyme than the native strain, with preliminary production level of 95.73 IU/mL. Discussion and conclusion: These mutants, as superior ones & resulted from the classical mutagenesis, were selected as the best strains.

https://bjm.ui.ac.ir/article_19531_7ada92d053565c4ed9a9e325c9fee4eb.pdf

University of Isfahan Journal of Microbial Biology 3060-7647 3 11 2014 10 23 Study of ACC deaminase activity of Rhizobacteria isolated from soils of northern Iran Study of ACC deaminase activity of Rhizobacteria isolated from soils of northern Iran 37 46 19532 FA Zeinab Sadat Motesharrei M.Sc of Microbiology, Academic member of ACECR (Tehran Organization), Iran Hajar Mahmoodi BSc of Microbiology, Tehran University, Iran Parviz Owlia Professor of Microbiology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Hassan Salimi Ph.D. of Genetics, NIGEB, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2016 06 14 IntroductionPlant growth promoting rhizobacteria with ACC deaminase activity can be used for stimulating plant growth under tension situations. This study held to surveyed native bacteria having ACC deaminase activity. Materials and methods: 8 (none) rhizospherial soils were cultured by preparing serial dilution in selective media. The isolates screened by semi quantity assay of determining ACC deaminase in which diagonal colony after inoculation and incubation was measured in first, second and fifth day. The ability of these strains in accdeaminase production was investigated by optical density of bacterial growth in 504nm. ACC deaminase activity was assayed by measuring the production of α-KB. The selected strains recognized by biochemical and microbiological tests and the best strain in production of ACCD was identified by PCR amplification and sequencing of 16s rRNA.. Results: 445 stains were isolated. Then, 17 stains were selected by semi quantity assay. Then, 9 strains belong to Bacillus and Pseudomonas genera and Actinomycete group, were selected based on their abilities in the enzymes production. The study of Acc deaminase activity showed Pseudomonas brassicacearum strain KOT12 belonged to the fluorescent pseudomonad group had highest activity (826/4369 nmol kb/mg pr/h). Discussion and conclusion: Based on high production of ACCD in the selected isolate in comparison with other strains, this strain can be used for PGPR inoculums in the field by optimizing enzyme production and formulation. IntroductionPlant growth promoting rhizobacteria with ACC deaminase activity can be used for stimulating plant growth under tension situations. This study held to surveyed native bacteria having ACC deaminase activity. Materials and methods: 8 (none) rhizospherial soils were cultured by preparing serial dilution in selective media. The isolates screened by semi quantity assay of determining ACC deaminase in which diagonal colony after inoculation and incubation was measured in first, second and fifth day. The ability of these strains in accdeaminase production was investigated by optical density of bacterial growth in 504nm. ACC deaminase activity was assayed by measuring the production of α-KB. The selected strains recognized by biochemical and microbiological tests and the best strain in production of ACCD was identified by PCR amplification and sequencing of 16s rRNA.. Results: 445 stains were isolated. Then, 17 stains were selected by semi quantity assay. Then, 9 strains belong to Bacillus and Pseudomonas genera and Actinomycete group, were selected based on their abilities in the enzymes production. The study of Acc deaminase activity showed Pseudomonas brassicacearum strain KOT12 belonged to the fluorescent pseudomonad group had highest activity (826/4369 nmol kb/mg pr/h). Discussion and conclusion: Based on high production of ACCD in the selected isolate in comparison with other strains, this strain can be used for PGPR inoculums in the field by optimizing enzyme production and formulation.

https://bjm.ui.ac.ir/article_19532_d515a82138ac647e910516adc386778f.pdf

University of Isfahan Journal of Microbial Biology 3060-7647 3 11 2014 10 23 Isolation, Screening and Identification of Diatoms from Kermanshah Oil Refinery Wastewater Treatment Systems Isolation, Screening and Identification of Diatoms from Kermanshah Oil Refinery Wastewater Treatment Systems 47 58 19534 FA Elham Mohammadian M.Sc. of Ecology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Naser Karimi Associate professor of Plant physiology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Behnam Rasekh Ph.D of Biochemistry, Research Institude of Petroleum Indudstry, Tehran, Iran HamidReza Ghasempour Associate professor of Chemical engineering and Biotechnology, Science and Research Branch, Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran Soma Dehlavi M.Sc. of Ecology, Kurdistan University, Sannandaj, Iran Journal Article 2016 06 14 Introduction:There are many oil refineries in Iran, so waste water should be treated. Algal remediation is one of the best methods. The class of Bacillariophyta (diatoms) has distinct ecological preferences and tolerances, making them useful indicators of contemporary ecological conditions. Isolation and selection of microorganisms is the first step in bioremediation. Palmer assessed the tolerance of algal species to organic pollution, and incorporated the data into an organic pollution index for rating water quality. Biovolume is used as a measure of relative algal biomass. The present work was conducted to isolate and select the tolerance diatoms from Kermanshah Oil Refinery wastewater treatment systems. This helped to improve diatoms community of Iran and prepare a list of tolerance diatom in bioremediation. Materials and methods: Wastewater samples were collected aseptically at six points in and transferred to the laboratory. The serial diluted were prepared in BG broth, and then samples were cultured into Bristol agar and BG agar with chloramphenicol. Finally they were cultured in NA to assurance that there are no bacteria. The brown diatoms colonies were cultured in new plates. The samples were observed through microscope, and keys were used to classify them. Also biovolume according to geometric shapes (um3) were calculated. Results: There was no bacterial growth after 48 hours thus this method is an applied method in order to isolate diatoms. A variety of classes were observed such as Navicula, Nitzschia and Frustulia. Analysis of the biovolume revealed that the species of Fragilaria capucina has the maximum biovolume. Discussion and conclusion: This research revealed that the diatoms diversity in Kermanshah Oil Refinery wastewater treatment systems is low due to the high rate of organic pollution according to Palmer index. Also Pinnularia, Fragilaria can be used in the list of tolerance diatoms. Introduction:There are many oil refineries in Iran, so waste water should be treated. Algal remediation is one of the best methods. The class of Bacillariophyta (diatoms) has distinct ecological preferences and tolerances, making them useful indicators of contemporary ecological conditions. Isolation and selection of microorganisms is the first step in bioremediation. Palmer assessed the tolerance of algal species to organic pollution, and incorporated the data into an organic pollution index for rating water quality. Biovolume is used as a measure of relative algal biomass. The present work was conducted to isolate and select the tolerance diatoms from Kermanshah Oil Refinery wastewater treatment systems. This helped to improve diatoms community of Iran and prepare a list of tolerance diatom in bioremediation. Materials and methods: Wastewater samples were collected aseptically at six points in and transferred to the laboratory. The serial diluted were prepared in BG broth, and then samples were cultured into Bristol agar and BG agar with chloramphenicol. Finally they were cultured in NA to assurance that there are no bacteria. The brown diatoms colonies were cultured in new plates. The samples were observed through microscope, and keys were used to classify them. Also biovolume according to geometric shapes (um3) were calculated. Results: There was no bacterial growth after 48 hours thus this method is an applied method in order to isolate diatoms. A variety of classes were observed such as Navicula, Nitzschia and Frustulia. Analysis of the biovolume revealed that the species of Fragilaria capucina has the maximum biovolume. Discussion and conclusion: This research revealed that the diatoms diversity in Kermanshah Oil Refinery wastewater treatment systems is low due to the high rate of organic pollution according to Palmer index. Also Pinnularia, Fragilaria can be used in the list of tolerance diatoms.

https://bjm.ui.ac.ir/article_19534_f0f877ebff2d414cad03dfd637152814.pdf

University of Isfahan Journal of Microbial Biology 3060-7647 3 11 2014 10 23 Study of contamination of different dairy products distributed in Isfahan to saprophytic fungi Study of contamination of different dairy products distributed in Isfahan to saprophytic fungi 59 70 19537 FA Fatemeh Fallahi M.Sc Student of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Mahboobeh Madani Assistant Professor of Medical Mycology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2016 06 14 Introduction: Fungi, especially some species of penicillium and Aspergillus are the main cause of dairy products contamination. Because of producing mycotoxins, they may jeopardize public health and food safety. This research aims at isolation, identification, counting of saprophytic fungi in different kinds of Isfahan dairy products and study of the frequency distribution of mould contamination (more than acceptable) of dairy samples compared to permitted Iranian national standard level) 2406) in 2012. Materials and methods: In this study,200 samples from different types of pasteurized dairy products were collected from different parts of Isfahan city, including 70 samples of cheese, 60 samples of doogh, 40 samples of yoghurt, 20 samples of kashk (whey) and 10 samples of cream which were investigated based on the presence of saprophytic fungi point of view. Isolation, identification and mould count were conducted using pure plate and slide culture methods and the results were compared according to National Iranian Standard and analyzed using SPSS, version 16 and X2 statistical significance. Results: Totally 117 (58/5%) samples were satisfactory, 50 (25%) samples were acceptable and 33 (16/5%) were non-acceptable. The most mould contamination (more than acceptable) was related to cheese, cream, kashk, doogh and yoghurt, respectively. Some fungi from the genera of Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Acremonium were detected. The statistical analysis didn’t show significant difference between mould contamination rate and kind of dairy product (Pvalue<0/05). Discussion and conclusion: According to the results, attention to control of fungal contamination of dairy products without using pereservatives is necessary. Introduction: Fungi, especially some species of penicillium and Aspergillus are the main cause of dairy products contamination. Because of producing mycotoxins, they may jeopardize public health and food safety. This research aims at isolation, identification, counting of saprophytic fungi in different kinds of Isfahan dairy products and study of the frequency distribution of mould contamination (more than acceptable) of dairy samples compared to permitted Iranian national standard level) 2406) in 2012. Materials and methods: In this study,200 samples from different types of pasteurized dairy products were collected from different parts of Isfahan city, including 70 samples of cheese, 60 samples of doogh, 40 samples of yoghurt, 20 samples of kashk (whey) and 10 samples of cream which were investigated based on the presence of saprophytic fungi point of view. Isolation, identification and mould count were conducted using pure plate and slide culture methods and the results were compared according to National Iranian Standard and analyzed using SPSS, version 16 and X2 statistical significance. Results: Totally 117 (58/5%) samples were satisfactory, 50 (25%) samples were acceptable and 33 (16/5%) were non-acceptable. The most mould contamination (more than acceptable) was related to cheese, cream, kashk, doogh and yoghurt, respectively. Some fungi from the genera of Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Acremonium were detected. The statistical analysis didn’t show significant difference between mould contamination rate and kind of dairy product (Pvalue<0/05). Discussion and conclusion: According to the results, attention to control of fungal contamination of dairy products without using pereservatives is necessary.

https://bjm.ui.ac.ir/article_19537_181ab16b4be621b91776f76dd6f3deed.pdf

University of Isfahan Journal of Microbial Biology 3060-7647 3 11 2014 10 23 Study of frequency and antimicrobial resistance of Lactococcus garvieae in rainbow trout fish in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province Study of frequency and antimicrobial resistance of Lactococcus garvieae in rainbow trout fish in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province 71 78 19540 FA Masoud Shahrani Graduated from Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Mehdi Raissy Associate Professor of Aquatic Animal Health, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Elahe Tajbakhsh Assistant Professor of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Journal Article 2016 06 14 Introduction: Lactococcus garvieae is the causative agent of lactococosis in fish which is transmittable to human in the case of contact or consumption of infected fish. The bacteria has been highly prevalent in fish farms. Materials and methods: In this study, frequency and antimicrobial resistance of L. garvieae was studied in rainbow trout fish farms in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province. A total of 100 fish from 33 fish farms were collected in summer 2013 and were transmitted to the laboratory in appropriate conditions. The isolates were identified using biochemical tests and PCR. Results: The results indicated that fish from 23 out of 33 studied farms were infected with L. garvieae and 49 isolates were collected from the fish. The results also represented multi drug resistance of all isolates to common antibiotics. Minimum and maximum resistance was 30.7 and 65.4% for gentamicin and enrofloxacin, respectively. Discussion and conclusion: Infection of fish in more than 76 percent of the studied fish farms and high drug resistance of Lactococcus is a serious danger for aquaculture and for public health. Moreover, ability to infect humans and countless problems due to transmission of antimicrobial resistance to other bacteria reduplicates the importance of controlling the disease and surveillance on using antimicrobials in fish farms. Introduction: Lactococcus garvieae is the causative agent of lactococosis in fish which is transmittable to human in the case of contact or consumption of infected fish. The bacteria has been highly prevalent in fish farms. Materials and methods: In this study, frequency and antimicrobial resistance of L. garvieae was studied in rainbow trout fish farms in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province. A total of 100 fish from 33 fish farms were collected in summer 2013 and were transmitted to the laboratory in appropriate conditions. The isolates were identified using biochemical tests and PCR. Results: The results indicated that fish from 23 out of 33 studied farms were infected with L. garvieae and 49 isolates were collected from the fish. The results also represented multi drug resistance of all isolates to common antibiotics. Minimum and maximum resistance was 30.7 and 65.4% for gentamicin and enrofloxacin, respectively. Discussion and conclusion: Infection of fish in more than 76 percent of the studied fish farms and high drug resistance of Lactococcus is a serious danger for aquaculture and for public health. Moreover, ability to infect humans and countless problems due to transmission of antimicrobial resistance to other bacteria reduplicates the importance of controlling the disease and surveillance on using antimicrobials in fish farms.

https://bjm.ui.ac.ir/article_19540_cf311e6ac58416322b3c5e41e03b5b87.pdf

University of Isfahan Journal of Microbial Biology 3060-7647 3 11 2014 10 23 Optimization of Î±-amylase production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens using response surfaces methodology Optimization of Î±-amylase production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens using response surfaces methodology 79 90 19539 FA Hamid Reza Samadlouie Hami Kaboosi Naimeh Tabari Journal Article 2016 06 14 Introduction: Alpha-amylase is an important commercialized enzyme among the starch-hydrolyzing ones. The bacterial amylase is widely utilized in various sectors of industry due to its advantages to amylases derived from plant or animal sources. Also the use of agricultural products and their residues as inexpensive fermentation substrates has high impact on minimizing the cost of α-amylase production. The principle aim of this study is to optimize α-amylase production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens using low cost agricultural resources with Response Surfaces Methodology (RSM). Materials and methods: The Effect of different amounts of the carbon source (extract of pea) and nitrogen source (cotton seed cake) on production of α-amylase by B. amyloliquefaciens using statistical methods of RSM was studied. Carbon and nitrogen sources were considered in 5 levels during the submerged fermentation and used central composite rotatable design with 10 experiments. Results: The best conditions for maximum production of α-amylase by B. amyloliquefaciens were pea extract of 75g/L and cotton seed cake of 33.3 g/L, so that in these conditions the enzyme production rate was 69.74 Uml-1. During optimization by RSM, it became clear that the level of the used nitrogen source (cotton seed cake) is more effective in producing bacterial α-amylase in submerged fermentation compared to the used carbon source (extract of pea). Discussion and conclusion: This study showed the importance of the relationship between nitrogen and carbon sources on production of α-amylase. The results showed that the RSM applied for optimizing parameters of submerged fermentation condition aimed at producing maximum quantities of α-amylase by B. amyloliquefaciens acts with high efficiency Introduction: Alpha-amylase is an important commercialized enzyme among the starch-hydrolyzing ones. The bacterial amylase is widely utilized in various sectors of industry due to its advantages to amylases derived from plant or animal sources. Also the use of agricultural products and their residues as inexpensive fermentation substrates has high impact on minimizing the cost of α-amylase production. The principle aim of this study is to optimize α-amylase production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens using low cost agricultural resources with Response Surfaces Methodology (RSM). Materials and methods: The Effect of different amounts of the carbon source (extract of pea) and nitrogen source (cotton seed cake) on production of α-amylase by B. amyloliquefaciens using statistical methods of RSM was studied. Carbon and nitrogen sources were considered in 5 levels during the submerged fermentation and used central composite rotatable design with 10 experiments. Results: The best conditions for maximum production of α-amylase by B. amyloliquefaciens were pea extract of 75g/L and cotton seed cake of 33.3 g/L, so that in these conditions the enzyme production rate was 69.74 Uml-1. During optimization by RSM, it became clear that the level of the used nitrogen source (cotton seed cake) is more effective in producing bacterial α-amylase in submerged fermentation compared to the used carbon source (extract of pea). Discussion and conclusion: This study showed the importance of the relationship between nitrogen and carbon sources on production of α-amylase. The results showed that the RSM applied for optimizing parameters of submerged fermentation condition aimed at producing maximum quantities of α-amylase by B. amyloliquefaciens acts with high efficiency

https://bjm.ui.ac.ir/article_19539_b853effb1f37a34100f0d448a1a2330f.pdf

University of Isfahan Journal of Microbial Biology 3060-7647 3 11 2014 10 23 Biocontrol of Causative Agent of Citrus Canker Disease Using Antimicrobial Substances Produced by Aspergillus awamori K-03 Biocontrol of Causative Agent of Citrus Canker Disease Using Antimicrobial Substances Produced by Aspergillus awamori K-03 91 98 19533 FA Sara Kazemzade M.Sc of Biotechnology, Shahrood University, Iran Naser Farrokhi Assistant Professor of Molecular Biology, Shahrood University, Iran Saeed Aminzade Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran Mehdi Alavi Assistant Professor of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran, Abolfazl Masoudi M.Sc of Biotechnology, Shahrood University, Iran Mojtaba Mamarabadi Assistant Professor of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University, Shahrood, Iran Tannaz Goodarzi Technical Research Assistant of Citrus Canker Group, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2016 06 14 Introduction:Bacterial phytopathogens have a great impact on yield loss. In between, the causative agent of citrus canker Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), has influenced citri culture worldwide. Materials and methods: Antimicrobial efficacy of Aspergillus awamori K-03 secrotome was tested against 26 strains of Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri using disc diffusion method. Results: The secretome managed to control other Gram positive and negative bacterial pathogens including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Erwinia amylovor. The secretome was heat stable and remained active in wide ranges of pH (4-9). Discussion and conclusion: Our result demonstrates that the A. awamori K-03 secretome has antimicrobial activity and can be used as a biocontrol agent. Introduction:Bacterial phytopathogens have a great impact on yield loss. In between, the causative agent of citrus canker Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), has influenced citri culture worldwide. Materials and methods: Antimicrobial efficacy of Aspergillus awamori K-03 secrotome was tested against 26 strains of Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri using disc diffusion method. Results: The secretome managed to control other Gram positive and negative bacterial pathogens including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Erwinia amylovor. The secretome was heat stable and remained active in wide ranges of pH (4-9). Discussion and conclusion: Our result demonstrates that the A. awamori K-03 secretome has antimicrobial activity and can be used as a biocontrol agent.

https://bjm.ui.ac.ir/article_19533_49613eadc572ee9df1ac1e4c326f37cb.pdf

University of Isfahan Journal of Microbial Biology 3060-7647 3 11 2014 10 23 Isolation of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles resistant Pseudomonas strains from soil and investigation of Zinc resistance genes Isolation of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles resistant Pseudomonas strains from soil and investigation of Zinc resistance genes 99 108 19536 FA Shahla Soltani Nezhad Ph.D. of Microbiology, University of Isfahan, Iran Mohammad Rabbani Khorasgani Associate Professor of Microbiology, University of Isfahan, Iran 0000-0002-4043-9216 Mohammad Mehdi Yaghoobi Assistant Professor of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Science, High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran Shahryar Shakeri Assistant Professor of microbiology, Institute of Science, High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran Journal Article 2016 06 14 Introduction: Themetal oxide nanoparticles of ZnO are widely used in industrial, cosmetic and medical applications. Many studies have focused on the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles, but limited information on the resistance of bacteria to them is available. Materials and methods: TheZnO nanoparticles resistant Pseudomonas strains were isolated from the collected soils from different areas such as Sarcheshmeh Copper mine in Kerman province of Iran. The selected strain was identified by 16 s rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The effect of ZnO NPs on the bacterial growth kinetic was studied. Release of soluble Zinc ions from ZnO NPs were measured by an atomic absorption spectroscopy. The partial sequence of Zinc resistance gene czcC was amplified and identified by phylogenetic analysis of its protein sequences. Results: Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16 s rRNA gene sequence showed that the selected strain was Pseudomonas sp. ZnO-2. The growth pattern of selected strain with all studied ZnO NPs concentration was similar to that of control, indicating that ZnO NPs would not affect the growth of isolated strain. During dispersion a substantial amount of zinc ions was quickly released from ZnO NPs. PCR amplification of czcC gene and electrophoresis showed that Pseudomonas sp. ZnO-2 carried this gene. Discussion and conclusion: Through the evolutionary process, microorganisms have improved their heavy metal resistance mechanisms to adapt to adverse environment. The existence of the czcC gene was confirmed by PCR and it showed high homology with Zinc resistance genes from other bacteria. Introduction: Themetal oxide nanoparticles of ZnO are widely used in industrial, cosmetic and medical applications. Many studies have focused on the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles, but limited information on the resistance of bacteria to them is available. Materials and methods: TheZnO nanoparticles resistant Pseudomonas strains were isolated from the collected soils from different areas such as Sarcheshmeh Copper mine in Kerman province of Iran. The selected strain was identified by 16 s rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The effect of ZnO NPs on the bacterial growth kinetic was studied. Release of soluble Zinc ions from ZnO NPs were measured by an atomic absorption spectroscopy. The partial sequence of Zinc resistance gene czcC was amplified and identified by phylogenetic analysis of its protein sequences. Results: Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16 s rRNA gene sequence showed that the selected strain was Pseudomonas sp. ZnO-2. The growth pattern of selected strain with all studied ZnO NPs concentration was similar to that of control, indicating that ZnO NPs would not affect the growth of isolated strain. During dispersion a substantial amount of zinc ions was quickly released from ZnO NPs. PCR amplification of czcC gene and electrophoresis showed that Pseudomonas sp. ZnO-2 carried this gene. Discussion and conclusion: Through the evolutionary process, microorganisms have improved their heavy metal resistance mechanisms to adapt to adverse environment. The existence of the czcC gene was confirmed by PCR and it showed high homology with Zinc resistance genes from other bacteria.

https://bjm.ui.ac.ir/article_19536_48e4f1d03aa2f7cea408231eabb62a3b.pdf

University of Isfahan Journal of Microbial Biology 3060-7647 3 11 2014 10 23 Examination of Clostridium difficile Contamination in beef meat distributed in Isfahan using culture and Multiplex-PCR method Examination of Clostridium difficile Contamination in beef meat distributed in Isfahan using culture and Multiplex-PCR method 109 116 19538 FA Zahra Esfandiari Ph.D. student, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Jalali Associate Professor of Microbiology, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Hamid Ezzatpanah Associate Professor of Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Scott Weese Professor of Pathobiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada Mohammad Chamani Associate Professor of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2016 06 14 Introduction:With regard to increasing of community associated Clostridium difficile infection in recent years, the probable transmission of Clostridium difficile from food to human was supposed. Most of reports on this issue were allocated to examine the prevalence of Clostridium difficile in red meat. The current study aimed at examination of the prevalence of Clostridium difficile in beef meat. Materials and methods: A total of 100 beef meat samples including 50 chopped and ground for each ones were collected from butcheries in different regions of Isfahan for cultural analysis and biochemical tests. Molecular evaluation of Clostridium difficle was confirmed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction directed on existence of tpi, tcdA and tcdB genes. Chi-square test was performed for descriptive statistics with Pvalue≤ 0.05 in SPSS software. Results: Clostridium difficile was isolated form 12 (12%) of beef meat samples. Among isolated colonies, 2 (4%) and 10 (20%) were belonged to chopped and ground beef meat, respectively. All colonies contained all genes. The significant difference was observed within the type of meat and Clostridium difficile prevalence (Pvalue=0.01). Discussion and conclusion: The results of the present study showed the higher incidence of Clostridium difficile in ground meat than chopped ones. It seems that the formation of biofilm in meat grinder was the reason of higher rate of contamination. Furthermore, the consumption of beef meat as a source for Clostridium difficile might transmit the organism to human. Introduction:With regard to increasing of community associated Clostridium difficile infection in recent years, the probable transmission of Clostridium difficile from food to human was supposed. Most of reports on this issue were allocated to examine the prevalence of Clostridium difficile in red meat. The current study aimed at examination of the prevalence of Clostridium difficile in beef meat. Materials and methods: A total of 100 beef meat samples including 50 chopped and ground for each ones were collected from butcheries in different regions of Isfahan for cultural analysis and biochemical tests. Molecular evaluation of Clostridium difficle was confirmed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction directed on existence of tpi, tcdA and tcdB genes. Chi-square test was performed for descriptive statistics with Pvalue≤ 0.05 in SPSS software. Results: Clostridium difficile was isolated form 12 (12%) of beef meat samples. Among isolated colonies, 2 (4%) and 10 (20%) were belonged to chopped and ground beef meat, respectively. All colonies contained all genes. The significant difference was observed within the type of meat and Clostridium difficile prevalence (Pvalue=0.01). Discussion and conclusion: The results of the present study showed the higher incidence of Clostridium difficile in ground meat than chopped ones. It seems that the formation of biofilm in meat grinder was the reason of higher rate of contamination. Furthermore, the consumption of beef meat as a source for Clostridium difficile might transmit the organism to human.

https://bjm.ui.ac.ir/article_19538_3251ec0c24677c1d1a99bc23693868d5.pdf